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Energy and greenhouse gases

Practical Energy Savings for Businesses: From Operation to Investment

2015-10-28 06:43:46 | Lượt xem: 5928 | Energy and greenhouse gases

Reducing unnecessary energy use helps businesses control costs. This guide distinguishes operational changes, lower-cost improvements and investments for office equipment, lighting, HVAC, refrigeration and compressed air. Savings must be assessed for the individual site.

Savings depend on the existing installation, operating hours and selected measures. No fixed monetary saving is guaranteed, and not every measure is investment-free. Preserve safety, product quality and required comfort when optimising operation.
Illustration of equipment operation and energy efficiency
Optimising equipment operation to save electricity

Energy efficiency can help businesses reduce costs. Electricity is a significant operating expense for many organisations, and reducing avoidable consumption can improve profitability.

Some measures, such as purchasing more efficient equipment, require initial investment. They may nevertheless produce worthwhile savings over the equipment’s life. Energy labels and performance data help compare options.

Start by reviewing energy costs and identifying the largest users. Heating and cooling equipment are often important, although the pattern depends on the business.

An energy-performance assessment measures current consumption and associated greenhouse-gas emissions, helping the business identify opportunities for more efficient energy use .

The following ideas range from operational adjustments to investments. Assess suitability, costs and measured savings for the specific site.

Office equipment

Small operational changes

  • Switch off computers, projectors, printers, copiers and ordinary lighting when no longer needed, subject to operational and IT requirements.
  • Reduce paper use through double-sided printing or appropriate reuse of single-sided paper.
  • Use electronic communication instead of unnecessary printed documents and fax transmissions.

Investment options

  • When buying computers, projectors, printers, fax machines or copiers, compare energy-performance data for the required workload.
  • Consider laptops where they meet the work requirements; compare actual consumption rather than assuming a fixed saving against every desktop.
  • Choose printers based on workload and measured energy performance. There is no universal 90% consumption ratio between inkjet and laser printers.
  • Select printing capacity appropriate to demand instead of routinely buying oversized equipment.

Lighting

Small operational changes

  • Clean lamps and diffusers at intervals suited to the environment; the original suggestion was every six to twelve months.
  • Switch off ordinary lighting when it is not needed.
  • Maintain required emergency, escape-route, warning and security lighting. Do not disable safety lighting merely to save energy.

Lower-cost improvements

  • Replace inefficient lamps with suitable efficient products, including LEDs, while maintaining required illumination and compatibility.
  • Avoid over-lighting and consider appropriate reflectors and fixture layouts.
  • Consider compliant LED exit signs when replacing older units, preserving the required emergency performance.
  • Where appropriate, use compatible dimmable lighting so illumination can be adjusted to demand.

Investment options

  • Install occupancy or presence controls in intermittently occupied rooms where suitable, without compromising safety.
  • Use a building or energy management system to automate lighting operation.

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Heating, ventilation and air conditioning

Small operational changes

  • Keep doors and windows appropriately closed during mechanical cooling while maintaining required ventilation.
  • Consider an earlier shutdown only where temperature, humidity, occupancy and process requirements remain satisfied.
  • Use an appropriate cooling setpoint; 25°C is an example to assess for comfort, humidity and the activity.

Lower-cost improvements

  • Use schedules and thermostats to match air-conditioning operation to demand.
  • Control unauthorised thermostat changes through suitable access arrangements.
  • Inspect and maintain ductwork, seals and insulation.
  • Clean condenser coils and maintain or replace filters according to the equipment instructions and operating conditions.

Investment options

  • Assess replacement of inefficient heating, ventilation or air-conditioning equipment.
  • Use blinds or shading to reduce unwanted solar heat gain.
  • Consider suitable reflective films or external shading on sun-exposed windows.
  • Improve ceiling and wall insulation where justified.
  • Insulate hot-water storage and distribution pipework where appropriate.
  • Assess variable-speed control for fans so airflow can match demand, while maintaining ventilation and system operating limits.

Refrigerators and cold-storage equipment

Small operational changes

  • Arrange stored items efficiently while leaving enough space for cold-air circulation.
  • Provide the ventilation and clearances required by the manufacturer and avoid unnecessary exposure to sunlight or nearby heat sources.

Lower-cost improvements

  • Maintain refrigeration equipment regularly.
  • Keep coils clean and manage frost through the correct defrost arrangements.
  • Investigate unusual equipment noise and correct faults.

Investment options

  • Assess automatic doors or suitable strip curtains for cold rooms to reduce air exchange. Do not remove existing thermal barriers without a system assessment.

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Compressed air

Small operational changes

  • Match compressor operation to production demand. If there is a small essential out-of-hours demand, assess a suitably sized dedicated supply.
  • Reduce discharge pressure only to the lowest level that reliably meets system requirements.
  • Use suitable blowers or manual cleaning methods instead of unnecessary compressed-air cleaning.

Investment options

  • Assess properly sized receivers to support the required air supply and control strategy.
  • Evaluate compatible variable-speed compressors or drives for the actual load profile.
  • Coordinate multiple compressors through suitable sequencing controls. Timers and supervisory controls can help align supply with demand.

Process cooling and refrigeration

Small operational changes

  • Reduce losses from leakage, damaged insulation and inappropriate defrosting.
  • Consider batch cooling where compatible with product quality, food safety and production requirements.

Investment options

  • Assess efficient evaporators and condenser-fan motors.
  • Consider variable-speed drives where the equipment and operating range allow.
  • Assess condenser capacity and control improvements to reduce unnecessary discharge pressure.
  • Insulate and separate cooled or frozen areas appropriately.

Solar electricity

Where technically and commercially suitable, assess solar generation as an investment to reduce purchased electricity and associated emissions.

Technical references

DOE — office energy checklist

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